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Compare Reunion (2001) - French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2004)

Compare Reunion (2001) z French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2004)

 Reunion (2001)French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2004)
 ReunionFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands
Administrative divisions none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Age structure 0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669)

15-64 years:
62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698)

65 years and over:
5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn -
Airports 2 (2000 est.) none
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
2,512 sq km

land:
2,502 sq km

water:
10 sq km		 total: 7,829 sq km


land: 7,829 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Rhode Island slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware
Background The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.
Birth rate 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
NA

expenditures:
NA		 -
Capital Saint-Denis -
Climate tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April antarctic
Coastline 207 km 1,232 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form:
Department of Reunion

conventional short form:
Reunion

local long form:
none

local short form:
Ile de la Reunion

former:
Bourbon Island		 conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands


conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands


local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises


local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
Currency French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) -
Death rate 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status overseas department of France overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Michel CHAMPON (since 20 December 2004), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas department of France) none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas department of France) none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international none French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France -
Economy - overview The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.
Electricity - consumption 1.023 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.1 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
54.55%

hydro:
45.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Piton des Neiges 3,069 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996)

head of government:
President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils		 -
Exports $214 million (f.o.b., 1997) -
Exports - commodities sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993) -
Exports - partners France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description the flag of France is used the flag of France is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.8% (1998 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 06 S, 55 36 E 43 00 S, 67 00 E
Geography - note - islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Highways total:
2,724 km

paved:
1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)

unpaved:
1,424 km

note:
370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997) -
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products -
Imports - partners France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994) -
Independence none (overseas department of France) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction -
Infant mortality rate 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% -
International organization participation FZ, InOC, WFTU -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 60 sq km (1993 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel -
Labor force 261,000 (1995) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
41% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages French (official), Creole widely used -
Legal system French law the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5

note:
Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
72.93 years

male:
69.53 years

female:
76.49 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
76%

female:
80% (1982 est.)		 -
Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Map references World Antarctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)		 total: 70 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,092,387 GRT/5,056,658 DWT


by type: bulk 4, cargo 2, chemical tanker 19, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 2


foreign-owned: Denmark 2, France 49, Japan 4, Monaco 5, Norway 5, Sweden 5 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
6,243 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Reunionese		 -
Natural hazards periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Natural resources fish, arable land, hydropower fish, crayfish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 732,570 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.)


note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.57% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Le Port, Pointe des Galets none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 173,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995) -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis

domestic:
modern open wire and microwave radio relay network

international:
radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 236,500 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 85,000 (1999) -
Television broadcast stations 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast volcanic
Total fertility rate 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 42.8% (1998) -
Waterways none -
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